ASA Referencing 写作指北
ASA (American Sociological Association) referencing 顾名思义，主要用于 sociological disciplines。本指南涵盖文本引用和参考列表。
总体概览
ASA 引用中有两种类型的引用：in-text citations，位于作品的主体中，包含完整书目信息的一小部分，以及reference lists，位于主要作品的末尾和 列出工作中提到的所有来源的完整信息。
重点知识
在参考列表中，来源按作者姓氏的字母顺序列出。 如果同一作者多次引用，这些将按出版年份按时间顺序列出。 参考列表是单行距的，并且从第二行开始采用悬挂缩进的格式。
您可以直接引用来源（例如逐字引用）或间接引用来源（引用来源以表明您使用了作者的想法，但未引用它们）。 此处提供了两者的示例：
直接引用: ‘”Chocolate has an infinite variety of uses” (Davis, 2013:28).’
间接引用: ‘As Davis (2013) notes, chocolate can be used in many different ways.’
直接引用来源时，应使用页码。 如果您如上所述间接引用，则不需要使用页码。 如果页码不可用，则可以使用段落号。 如果这不是一个选项，缩写“n.p”或“n”。 页面。 可用于显示没有可用的页码。
1. 书籍引用
一位或两位作者的书籍的 ASA 引用：
当引用多于一位作者的书籍时，只有第一作者的名字在参考文献列表中倒置。
结构:
Last name, first name. Year. Title. Edition (if not the first edition of the book). City of publication: Publisher.
Last name, first name, first name, last name and first name, last name. Year. Title. Edition (if not the first edition of the book). City of publication: Publisher.
示例:
Davis, Bryan. 2013. A History of Chocolate. Nottingham: Delectable Publications.
Davis, Bryan. 2013. A History of Chocolate. 3rd ed. Nottingham: Delectable Publications.
Jones, Frank. and Sally Hughes. 2006. Eating Out: A Definitive Restaurant Handbook. Nottingham: Delectable Publications.
三位或更多作者的书籍的 ASA 引用:
如果一本书有三位或更多作者，则规则略有不同。 在第一次文内引用时，应注明所有作者的姓名； 随后，文本中只应列出第一作者的姓名，后跟“et al.”，意思是“和其他人”。 但是，所有作者都应该按照他们在原始作品中的归属顺序列在参考文献列表中。
结构:
Last name, first name, first name, last name and first name, last name. Year. Title. City of publication: Publisher.
示例:
James, Peter, Daniel Croft, Sarah Levin and Andrew Doe. 1998. How to Succeed in the Restaurant Industry. Nottingham: Delectable Publications.
ASA Citations for a chapter in an edited book:
在引用较大书籍中的单个章节时，确保添加章节跨越的页面范围 (pp.) 很重要。 引用单个章节时，您还应该始终在引用中包含该书的版本（除非它不是第一版，否则您不必为其他书这样做）。
结构:
Last name, first name. Year. Chapter title. In: Editor’s name/s, ed/s. Book Title. Edition. City of publication: Publisher. Page/s.
示例:
King, Sandra. 2010. The best wines and where to find them. In: Loftus, Edward, ed., Fine Wine: A Guide, 1st ed. Nottingham: Delectable Publications, pp. 28-46.
同一作者多本书的 ASA 引用:
在文本中，作者的文本通常可以按年份来区分。 它们应按出版时间顺序列出。 引用同一作者同一年发表的两部作品时，应在年份后直接标注“a”、“b”、“c”等。
结构:
Last name, first name. Year. Title. Edition (if not the first edition of the book). City of publication: Publisher.
示例:
Brown, Graham. 2011. Mexican Food. Nottingham: Delectable Publications.
Brown, Graham. 2014. Japanese Food. Nottingham: Delectable Publications.
Brown, Graham. 2015a. Chinese Food. Nottingham: Delectable Publications.
Brown, Graham. 2015b. Italian Food. Nottingham: Delectable Publications.
2. 文章引用
期刊的 ASA 引用
结构:
Last name, First name. Year. ‘Article Title.’ Journal name, Volume(Issue):Page/s.
示例:
Jenkins, Oliver. 1996. ‘Unusual Recipes and Cantonese Cuisine.’ Culinary Research, Volume 5(8):47-59.
在网站或数据库上访问的期刊文章的 ASA 引用
在线期刊文章的文本引用与引用print article的方式保持不变。 然而，参考列表中的引用确实有一些差异。
结构:
Last name, First name. Year. Article Title. Journal name, Volume(Issue):Page/s. Retrieved date. URL.
示例:
Jenkins, Oliver. 1996. ‘Unusual Recipes and Cantonese Cuisine.’ Culinary Research, Volume 5(8):47-59. Retrieved 5 June 2016. www.culinaryresearchjournal.com/jenkinsocanteonese.
报纸或杂志文章的 ASA 引用 – Print or Online:
报纸/杂志引文在网上找到时与期刊文章类似； 格式上也会出现相同的差异，如下例所示。
结构:
Last name, First name. Year. Article title. Newspaper name, Day Month, Page/s.
Last name, First name. Year. Article Title. Newspaper name, Day Month, Page/s. Retrieved date. URL.
示例:
Bell, Yvonne. 2016. Man with unusual tastes eats chalk for breakfast. The Weekly Herald, 4 June. p. 4.
Lees, Peter. 2015. Freaky eaters. The Weekly Herald, 11 May. p.21. Retrieved 12 June 2016. www.theweeklyheraldonline.com/freakyeaters2015
3. 在线资源
网站的ASA 引用:
引用网站时，确定网站的作者身份很重要——如果网站上的文章不是报纸/杂志网站或在线期刊，则可能有个人作者； 如果不是，则该组织或网站名称将被视为作者。
结构:
Author/Source if no specific author Year. “Title of web document/page.” Retrieved Day Month Year. URL
示例:
HealthTips (2015). “Superfoods and where to find them.” Retrieved 20 May 2016. www.healthtipsarticles.com/superfoodsandwheretofindthem
4.图像/视觉媒体
Films/Videos/DVDs的引用:
结构:
Last name of director, first name. Year. Full Title of Film/Video/DVD. Type of medium. Country/city of Origin: Film studio or maker.
示例:
Hertz, Jack. 2011. The World’s Best Curries. Film. U.K: Foodie Studios.
YouTube videos的ASA 引用:
结构:
Author’s name/s. Year. “Video Title”. Type of medium. Retrieved Day Month Year. URL.
示例:
Yummydishes. (2012). “Egg custard – simple recipe!”. YouTube video. Retrieved 21 June 2014. www.youtube.com/yummydisheseggcustard
Images/Photographs – Print or Online的ASA引用:
结构:
Last name, first name. Year of production. Title of image [type of medium] (Collection Details if available – Document number, Geographical place: Name of library/archive/repository).
示例:
Hewer, Drew. 1995. Women enjoying a cup of tea [Photograph]. (Document number 345, London: Food Photography Library).
Podcast的ASA引用:
结构:
Broadcaster/author’s name. Year. ‘Programme title,’ series title. Retrieved Day Month Year. URL.
示例:
Yummydishes. 2015. ‘Innovative Baking,’ Innovative Food. Retrieved 17 April 2016. www.foodiepodcasts.com/yummydishesinnovativebaking
5. 其他类型
Report的ASA 引用:
结构:
Organisation/author. Year. Full title of report. Place of publication: Publisher.
示例:
Marks and Spencers. 2014. A report on the sales of ‘2 Dine for £10’. London: M&S Publications.
Dissertation的ASA引用:
结构:
Last name of author, first name. (Year). Title of dissertation. Level and type of document. Department, Official name of university.
示例:
Neath, Gareth. 1998. An examination of Mexican food in popular culture. Masters level dissertation. Culinary Department, Oxford Brookes University.
Government/Official publication的ASA引用:
结构:
Government agency/Last name of author, first initial. Year. Title of document. City of publication: publisher, Page(s) if relevant.
示例:
UK Government. 2013. Nutrition and Young People. London: Government Publications.
Presentations/Lecture的ASA引用:
结构:
Last name of author, first name. Year. Presentation/lecture title.
示例:
Yates, Richard. 2008. The benefits of herbs.
Music的ASA引用:
结构:
Performer/writer’s last name, first initial. Year. Recording title. Music label.
示例:
Luce, F. 1996. Delicious. Delectable Music.
欢迎选择Essayzhidao.com
不管您有任何关于persuasive speech 写作的困难，在Essayzhidao.com，立即咨询我们，立刻获得最优质的服务。
ESSAYZHIDAO是专业的英文论文指导学术机构，不管是论文、Essay、Assignment、College Paper、Coursework、Lab Report还是高中作业我们都可以写，目前已经为加拿大、美国、英国、澳洲、新西兰以及新加坡等地留学生提供代写论文、代写作业以及论文修改指导服务。
